April 2011 Weather News!
From personal experiences in life I have always called April the cruel month, not necessarily from a weather point of view. The reasons are varied and unimportant. This month was cruel; from flooding in the Midwest, Texas burning down from border to border and the worst series of tornadoes the South has endured in eighty six years. A record number of tornadoes occurred this month. And now the disaster that killed so many in the South is being called the worst natural disaster since Hurricane Katrina.
Perhaps it is just me, but it seems I have heard the term “of Biblical proportions” more in the past year then ever with natural disasters. If there is any sick consolation most of the severe weather is not unprecedented. One may have to go back nearly a hundred years but it has been worse. To me “Biblical proportions” would be a dream I had long ago. Sitting on the roof of our home I watched a wall of water coming in from the west. It stretched from as far north and south as I could see. It was taller then the hills surrounding Hidden Valley where we live. In my dream I set balloons free as I waited for the wall of water. That would be a flood of “Biblical proportions.”
Except for a beautiful day on April 9th with just an average temperature of 47 degrees and .29’’ of rain on The Land, the rest of the month was dry, dusty and windy. The average daily wind speed was 8.76mph. With low humidity and dew points Arizona is drying up into a powder keg waiting to go off. Appropriately enough this month’s weather song is “Arizona Dust” by Blue Rodeo.
Thankfully the average temperature on The Land was five degrees cooler at the end of the month than the beginning. On April 30th the high was 79. On April 1st it was near 100 degrees. Talking Trees and Antelope Hill was 14 degrees cooler at the end of the month.
The average temperature on The Land for April was 70.68 degrees, 48.90 degrees in the mysterious mountains of western New Mexico.
The average humidity was 26.56% and the average dew point was 31.26 degrees. (Not bone dry yet.)
If our local friends get migraines from the fluctuations in barometric pressure this month would have had them shoot themselves. From April 15th through the 30th it bounced up and down daily resulting in strong afternoon winds.
Rainfall for the year on The Land is .82’’, Phoenix 1.03’’.
And just to once again remind you of our dependence on water the following are the lake levels for the month: Mead is rising due to “government donations” and is 43% full, Pleasant 94%, Powell 52% and our crown jewel of the desert, Roosevelt 94%
Your fine staff at Blue Duck Weather searched every nook and cranny to bring you news lighter if not stranger than the tragedies of the month. In this sobering, but not sober, addition of Blue Duck Weather you will read about “the perfect honeymoon”, a sacred 400 pound turtle, the best dog story ever, a new record low high in Phoenix, federal government to “give” water to Lake Mead, lizard smugglers, horses on fire (tragic), porcupines moved from the protected list to pests in one state, shooting ducks (Good God!), a multi-vortex tornado with three funnels, how a bathtub saved a woman from a tornado, armadillos pass leprosy to humans and finally, a kangaroo on the loose in Tempe, Arizona.
4-1- One hundred degrees in Phoenix breaks the old record of ninety six degrees set in 1966. This is the second earliest one hundred degree day on record. The average is May 2nd.
This is also the first day of Maricopa County’s ozone “season” which lasts through September. (It’s pretty bad when pollution monitoring is called a season.)
Heavy snow in the North East with a foot expected in eastern New York and New England.
The death toll from mud and rock slides in southern Thailand is up to 25. Twelve hundred and forty six schools have been damage.
Three skiers have been killed by a “huge” avalanche in southern Switzerland. It happened near the area where five others were killed last weekend. Warmer spring weather increases avalanche danger.
4-2- Wind Advisory issued for northern Arizona.
It has been confirmed by the NWS that nine tornadoes ripped through the Tampa Bay region two days ago. 18,000 people were still without electricity yesterday.
One foot of snow is on the ground from the latest storm in New Hampshire and Maine.
Radiation from the crippled nuclear plant in Japan is leaking directly into the Pacific Ocean.
4-3- 63 mph winds in Doni Park near Flagstaff, 56 mph winds in Winslow. A High Pollution Advisory is issued in Maricopa County due to dust. A wind driven fire breaks out near Buckeye, Arizona burning ten acres and threatening homes.
And yet another wildfiire in Colorado; this one is west of Fort Collins and 35 homes are evacuated. 50mph winds expanded the fire from 25 acres yesterday to a thousand acres today.
According to the United Nations severe drought and high food prices have left five million hungry across the Horn of Africa. A 110 pound bag of maize has increased 25% to 125% in remote areas. Cereal prices are expected to increase 50% in the next six months.
The massive search for those still missing in Japan is officially over today. Those not recovered are presumed to be buried at sea. But three weeks after Japan’s earthquake a dog has been found alive on top of a floating rooftop that had been swept out to sea. (Brother fate has no rhyme or reason.)
4-4- From his secluded location in Colorado RyDuck reports that temperatures were in the record breaking eighties yesterday, 50mph winds last night and snow today!
The wildfire near Fort Collins, Colorado has now burned 15 homes.
A wildfire near Ruidosa Downs, New Mexico has burned 6500 acres and five homes. A race track and casino are evacuated. 1,000 homes are without electricity.
Seven hundred fishermen are missing in Myanmar after three days of storms tore apart their “rickety” boats in the Adaman Sea. 15,000 fishermen have been rescued! (You can bet these aren’t recreational fishermen by the sheer numbers. This is their livelihood and survival.)
A sick giant fresh water turtle has been captured near Hanoi, Vietnam. It will be given medical treatment as many believe the creature is sacred. It took fifty workers two hours to capture the 440 pound turtle, estimated to be eighty years old.
4-5- The latest storms in the South prompted 970 weather alerts in twenty four hours! Eight people are killed, most by fallen trees. A Georgia man and his young son were killed when a tree fell through the roof of their home. 167,000 are without electricity. One inch hail in Atlanta, wind damage in Tennessee, and unconfirmed tornadoes in Ohio.
Southern New Mexico residents evacuated yesterday because of a wind driven wildfire. With 6,000 acres burned it is only 20% contained.
A tropical storm kills thirteen and injures one hundred people in Bangladesh. Most of the dead was caused from collapsed mud thatched roof homes.
Water leaking into the ocean at 30 gallons per minute from the failed Japanese nuclear reactor is 7.5 million times above “safe” levels!
A two year old boy, dressed in light clothing, wandered from his home in Elgin, South Carolina. Frantic searchers had to postpone looking for him after the sun went down. Temperatures dropped to 40 degrees during the night. The boy was found the next morning with the familys part Labradour covering the boy to keep him warm. The boy and hero are fine.
A couple from Stockholm, Sweden set out on a four month honeymoon trip. First they were stranded in Munich, Germany due to one of Europe’s worst snow storms. Then they experienced the devastation of the cyclone in Australia, flooding in Brisbane and brush fires in Perth. Then they witnessed the 6.3 magnitude earthquake in Christchurch and finally felt the tremors of the disaster in Japan. (Sounds like my kind of trip. However, after that experience, the lovely Mrs. Blue Duck would have run screaming, proclaiming me to be the Devil!)
4-6- Plastic water bottles make up one third of all litter on Grand Canyon trails. Water filling stations are being built on the upper trails. ( I have a much better idea. Post guards that watch for people tossing trash. When they do toss trash just toss the idiots over the edge into the abyss. The buzzards will clean up the rest of the “trash.”)
Strong winds caused the fire near Fort Collins, Colorado to flare up yesterday. At only 15% containment it has burned five square miles and destroyed fifteen homes.
An extreme drought still exists in 40% of Texas, mainly in the eastern part of the state. Some areas have not had a drop of rain since last fall and wildfires continue to burn in west Texas.
“Geiger counters are almost as common as lunch boxes now for schools in Japan.”
A team of physicists and statisticians set out to challenge the scientific consensus on global warming. The Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature Project is producing results identical to those with the prevailing view that the planet is warming rapidly.
The depletion of the ozone layer reached an unprecedented low over the Arctic this spring because of “harsh” chemicals and cold water. There has been a 40% loss from the beginning of winter to March.
4-7- Winter Storm Warnings issued for northern Arizona. (But I thought it was spring.)
RyDuck issues a spring weather report from his secluded location in Colorado. At ten thirty in the morning it was 46 degrees, foggy and humid like a “San Diego morning.”
There is a severe drought from the Gulf Coast to Colorado. Parts of Oklahoma are so bad that “the grass is so dry it’s like gasoline.”
4-8- Snow Warnings issued at 6:00 p.m. for Winslow, Flagstaff and Munds Park, Arizona. I-40 closed due to blinding dust.
For the third straight year Fargo, North Dakota residents are preparing for massive flooding from the Red River. 2.5 million sandbags have been filled and stacked since February 14th. The river has risen seven feet in the forty eight hours and may crest forty feet above flood stage in two days.
4-9- Eight days ago the high was a few degrees shy of one hundred on The Land. This morning’s low was 42 degrees and the high was 52. A steady, gentle soaking rain for most of the morning produced three tenths of an inch. There was a dusting of snow on Table Top mountain when the clouds broke at four p.m.
Phoneix set a new record low high of 54 degrees. One foot of snow fell in Flagstaff with 28 inches at the Snow Bowl, two inches in Sedona and ten inches in Ashfork. The snow level dropped to 4’000 feet in Gila County. ( It was a welcome sight when April was promising hot temperatures to come earlier, and still is. But we’ll take whatever we can get for moisture and cooler temperatures. I thought my weekend morning fires outside were over several weeks ago and that was a real treat this morning.)
The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is going to help Lake Mead by releasing 11.56 million acre feet of water from Lake Powell. An acre foot is 325,851 gallons. The bureau determined that Powell will rise above the “designated level” in which more water can be released into the Colorado River.
Firefighters from around the country are battling a wildfire in northern Texas that has burned 61,000 acres. It was caused by sparks from pipe cutting. 170 cattle have been killed and four homes destroyed. Temperatures in the 90s and winds of 35mph were helping the fire spread rapidly.
82,000 acres have burned in the past week across the state.
A family of four near Pasco, Washington survives after their car was totaled and nearly buried by an avalanche on I-90 five miles east of the Snoqualine summit. The force of the snow pushed their vehicle into a concrete barrier and shattered the front window. All of the airbags inside deployed.
A sand storm causes a pile up that kills ten mortorists and injures ninety seven in northern Germany; eighty cars were involved. (Sand storms in Germany?)
4-10- Afterday yesterday’s rain cleared out it was cool and breezy on The Land today with an average tempertaure of 49.50 degrees! On April 2nd the average temperature was 78.50 degrees, almost thirty degrees warmer!
A fifteen hundred dollar reward is being offered for the killing of a Hereford bull in southern Arizona near Sasabe. The bull was shot and left to die on or about March 21st. ( I seem to recall, from a past life, that stealing or killing someone’s cattle was a hanging offense.)
The massive range fire in north Texas is the largest in the nation burning portions of three counties and 125 square miles or 71,000 acres.
The Red River crested in Fargo yesterday at 38.75’, the fourth highest on record. Flood stage is 18’. The city hasn’t been damaged but residents are urged not to travel outside of it. Sixty miles of roads are closed due to flooding and water flowed on all four lanes of I-29 north of Fargo. This stretch of highway was actually raised recently to avoid flooding.
A tornado three quarters of a mile wide with 165mph winds injures fourteen people and flattens twelve city blocks in Mapleton, Iowa. There was baseball size hail and seven of the fourteen injured were struck by lightning at the fairgrounds. The governor has accepted a State of Emergency.
From Iowa to Wisconsin Severe Tornado Warnings” have been issued. This is a “very serious situation” exclaimed one meteorologist.
In Chicago high temperatures two days ago reached only 45 degrees but a high of 88 forecast for today. If it reaches that it would be the largest 48 hour increase in thirty years. But dramatically warmer temperatures in such a short amount of time may trigger strong winds, heavy rain and tornadoes.
Two million acres have been set aside in Alaska to try and help the endangered beluga whale habitat. Two days ago an additon three thousand square miles in the Cook Inlet were included. Since the area is so close to Anchorage critics say this could cripple the state’s development.
Eighteen hundred montor lizards being smuggled in a pickup are seized by authorities in Thailand. The Customs Department believe the lizards were bound for China to be eaten. This “delicacy” sells for seven dollars to fifteen dollars per pound in China.
4-11- Out of control wildfires in Texas have burned 400 square miles. FEMA is expected to respond. (I hope they do a better job than the pathetic response after Katrina.) Forest service officials are saying “the single most worst fire day this state has ever seen.” 50mph winds have grounded air support. Another said “It was unbelievable, just horrific. There were horses on fire, buildings on fire.”
“Unprecedented” flooding from the Red River in rural North Dakota. Cass County, north of Fargo is nearly inaccessible by vehicle.
One month after the disaster in Japan an aftershock of 6.6 is recorded. 13,178 are dead and as many missing. 150,000 are homeless. There is 14 million gallons of highly radio active water from the damaged nuclear facility that officials have no idea how to get rid of.
4-12- A Texas firefighter is in critical condition with third degree burns over 60% of his body while fighting a 60,000 acre fire north of Amarillo. Thirty three states have sent firefighting help. This year 654 fires have burned across Texas, consuming 916 square miles of land (one hundred thousand acres) and destroyed 189 homes. This past March in Texas was the driest since 1895.
It is being called the “Maple Miracle.” Storm spotters are credited for giving a critical fifteen minute warning before the devastating tornado hit Mapleton, Iowa earlier this week and destroying one hundred homes.
Up until now porcupines have been listed as a protected species in Pennsylvania. They have caused so much property damage the Game Comission is declaring an open season on the terrorist bastards.
4-13- A High Wind Advisory is posted for central Arizona and a Red Flag Warning for northern Arizona.
Two hundred residents who live near the Des Lacas River in North Dakota are ordered to evacuate because a nearby dam may fail from flood water pressure.
Residents in Valley City, North Dakota are sandbagging after forecasters predict the Sheyenne River will flood higher and faster than expected. The crest is set for tomorrow and will be two feet higher than initially feared.
The Red River is flooding in record proportions in rural Minnesota.
The Center of Biological Diversity in Tucson reports “BP’s oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico killed or sickened up to 200 times the number of animals estimated by the government.” (Does that surprise you?)
4-14- The town of Oslo, Minnesota is cut off by road access due to the flooding Red River. The only option is by boat for two miles at least for the next week.
Six people killed by lightning in Kathmandu, Nepal.
An avalanche of mud slams into a bus in Columbia killing twenty. The government says the recent LaNina weather pattern, which has killed hundreds and forced two million from their homes, is the worst natural disaster in the country’s history.
4-15- Ozone Health Watch issued for the Valley today in Phoenix. (‘Tis the season.)
A Glendale, Arizona man is being sought for shooting ducks and posting it on a You Tube video. The man’s girlfriend recorded him shooting the ducks at a Glendale apartment complex. The video shows the man dropping food on a sidewalk to lure the ducks before shooting them. The man said “this is what people do in Arizona when they get bored.” (Catch the fucker and shoot his ass Sheriff Joe!)
Unconfirmed tornadoes, one a mile wide, have killed nine people in Oklahoma, Nebraska and Arkansas. But to add to the misery more damage was done by deadly straightline winds, sudden violent downbursts that strike with hurricane force in the dark of night.
Two hundred and fifty confirmed tornadoes in the South already this year.
A spring blizzard dumps sixteen inches of snow in Paxton, Nebraska and closes the state’s main highway, 170 miles of I-80 for 17 hours.
A new wildfire west of Dallas, Texas has burned 30 homes, displaced 275 people and burned 20,000 acres.
4-16- A volunteer firefighter has died fighting one of the fires in Texas. He was overcome by smoke, fell into a ditch and was “consumed”. 400,000 acres have burned across the state so far.
Two years after an arsonist set the largest fire in L.A. County history the National Forest Service and other state and federal agencies will plant three million trees on ten thousand acres. The project will take three years and also involves removing invasive plants and restoring habitat on another forty thousand acres. The 2009 Station Fire burned 161,000 acres, destroyed 89 homes and killed two firefighters.
The Red River crests at Grand Forks, North Dakota at 49.87’ complicated by falling snow. Eight inches have fallen west of Fargo.
The death toll from deadly storms in the South rise to 17. North Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi and Oklahoma are the hardest hit. A State of Emergency has been declared for the entire state of Alabama. A “multi-vortex” tornado with two funnels reported in this state.
A Tornado Emergency is in effect from Raleigh, North Carolina and north to Pennsylvania. April has an average of 150 tornadoes. That many have been reported in the last three days.
4-17- There were 94 unconfirmed tornadoes in North Carolina last night. Eleven people are confirmed dead in Bertie County and four in Bladen County. Deaths in five other states the last three days bring the total to 45. The governor declares a State of Emergency with the most tornadoes since March of 1980.
4-18- Wind Advisory issued for northern Arizona and a Red Flag Warning for south east Arizona.
Texas governor asks for his state to be proclaimed a federal disaster area and subsequent federal aid.
A homeless man is being charged for a fire near Austin that has burned 100 acres and damaged 20 homes. He said he left his campfire unattended when he went to a store to buys some beer. There is a state wide ban on burning of any kind.
Late snow storm for Chicago leaves three inches on the ground.
4-19- Due to fifty feet of snow pack in the higher elevations Lake Powell will receive enough water to help the poor old piss hole known as Lake Mead. This lake will raise 23’ by summer’s end filling it half way.
“Wildfires have Texas under Siege.” So far this year 1.65 million acres have burned. Fires are burning across the entire state with forty active fires. 224 homes have been destroyed. (It is not even summer!)
A wildfire burning 70 miles from Fort Worth has grown from 63,000 acres to 150,000 acres in one day.
The drought is so bad in Texas one National Weather Service meteorologist compares it to a Category 5 hurricane for potential damage.
4-20- One survivor from last weekend’s tornadoes in North Carolina huddled in her bathtub for protection. She was found in the bathtub about seventy five yards from what was left of her home.
Rescuers searching for three hikers missing in Utah’s National Park actually found nine huddled in a remote canyon. “The conditions in the canyon were horrendous with swiftly moving freezing water.”
Another massive fish die-off has officials puzzled. Thousands of sardines turned up dead in Ventura Harbor in California apparently using up all of the available oxygen.
4-21- A Phoneix intersection at 43rd Avenue and Greenway is closed when a swarm of bees stung motorists, forcing them out of their vehicles. One man was hospitalized in serious condition and two others treated at the scene. Two dogs in the surrounding neighborhood were stung to death.
A two year old girl in the Cave Creek, Arizona area was bitten by a coyote last week. Since the animal got away she will be given precautionary rabies treatments. Coyotes in the area will be trapped and tested for rabies. It is extremely rare for a lone coyote to approach a human and the odd behaviour has Arizona Game and Fish concerned.
Light rain and higher humidity are helping firefighters west of Fort Worth. The fire is 25% contained and 160 homes have been destroyed.
4-22- Earth Day! Hayduke lives!
A landslide buries tents near an illegal mine shaft in a southern Philippines village killing three and twenty one are missing. Soldiers, police and miners used shoevels and their bare hands to dig out eleven surviviors from mud and rock. The landslide happened after heavy rain while the miners were sleeping.
4-23- First EF4 tornado with 200mph winds hits St. Louis, Missouri. Heavy damage was sustained at Lambert Airport with the entire roof of one concourse lifted off sending shattered glass within. There were several injuries reported at the airport and it is closed indefinitely. Called the worst storm in forty years 750 homes were damaged in St. Louis County.
Tornado Warnings are also posted from Texas to Ohio.
High winds cause a Red Flag Warning to be posted in south east Arizona and Wind Advisories in northern Arizona.
4-24- 45mph wind gusts in Flagstaff and a Wind Advisory is also posted for Maricopa County.
Firefighters are making progress battling fires across Texas. One fire near Fort Davis in west Texas has burned 205,000 acres and is only 25% contained.
4-25- One thousand people are evacuating in Poplar Bluff, Missouri. The levee that protects the town from the Black River may burst. People in flood prone Kentucky are also packing up. Some areas have received 10-15” of rain in the past four days. The NWS reports “The levee is weakening by the minute and may fail at any time.”
The latest tornado in Little Rock, Arkansas sets an all time record for this time of year in the South; 292 confirmed tornadoes so far.
The bodies of two missing skiers have been found under fifteen feet of snow in the Grand Tetons. A park spokesperson said the two were in their tents and inside their sleeping bags when they were swept away by an avalanche last weekend.
4-26- Wind Advisories and Red Flag Warnings are posted across entire Arizona. Sustained winds in Flagstaff of 40mph, 25mph with a peak wind gust of 39mph in Phoenix. (Weather officials have expressed grave concern of the potential of wildfires in southern Arizona. With a dry winter, and now wind with humidity levels in the teens and dew points in the single digits, this area is as prime as New Mexico and Texas. Gulp!)
“Breaking News”: The levee protecting Poplar Bluff, Missouri has breached. Thirty areas have overflowed and too dangerous to sandbag. The entire state is under a State of Emergency. Fifteen inches or rain has fallen in some areas in four days!
“The town is gone.” Nine folks were killed in Vilonia, Arkansas and sixty unaccounted for after a tornado leaves of path of destruction 15 miles long and three miles wide. Winds were 135mph!
Six Tornado Watches have been issued in 13 states. When all is said and done this record extreme weather will have affected 150 million people in the Midwest, the South and East portions of the country.
4-27- The Phoenix area was rated the 2nd worst in the nation last year for fine particle air pollution. Maricopa County is whining because one of the pollution monitoring stations is in Pinal County. The stinking, dusty cow shit farms are skewing the pollution readings according to them.
Another night of severe weather in the South leaves one dead in Arkansas and three in Mississippi. One was a police officer camping with his daughter. They were in a tent at a state park. The man covered his daughter with his body to protect her. A tree limb struck him in the head, his daughter was not injured.
One hundred homes damaged by a tornado near Canton in East Texas.
A woman in New Mexico, out for a walk, has died after being attacked by four pit bulls. An officer said he found the dogs mauling the woman. He fired several shots at one of the dogs and managed to scatter the rest. Three of the dogs were caught and the one that was shot was found dead under a house.
4-28- Two hundred and ninety folks in five states lost their lives last night after killer tornadoes struck. Tuscalousa and Pratt City, Alabama have been virtually leveled. The President declares parts of Alabama a federal disaster and will travel there tomorrow. An EF-5 tornado with wind gusts over 200mph has not been confirmed by the NWS. Other states with lost lives and major property damage are Mississippi, Tennesee, Georgia and Virginia.
Red Flag Warnings and fire watches posted for the entire state of Arizona through eight p.m. tomorrow. A one hundred acre brush fire is 80% contained near Sunset Point north of Phoenix.
Louisiana researchers have concluded that armadillos can pass leprosy to humans. Up until this research it was thought the disease was only passed from human to human. Every year 100-150 people in the U.S. are diagnosed. Most of them are from Texas and Louisiana.
4-29- “Southern Storms: Worst disaster for U.S. since Katrina.” Deadliest tornadoes since 1932. The death toll is up to 328, two thirds of them in Alabama. Concord, Alabama is so devastated that authorities have closed the town to keep out gawkers with cameras. The President says he has never seen devastation like this. 2,000 National Guard troops are deployed to help.
One woman and her two daughters survived by climbing into a tanning bed and closing the lid. The woman’s tanning salon was destroyed.
A family of four, dining at a restaurant, hid in the cooler with twelve employees. The restaurant was leveled.
A baby was found alive in a crib covered by debris of a home knocked down to its foundation.
4-30- It just keeps getting worse in the South from the recent tornadoes. It is now called the second deadliest series of storms since 1925 with 342 souls lost. TEN THOUSAND buildings destroyed.
Residents of Tuscaloosa, Alabama are now dealing with looters. One woman said “The first night they took my jewelry, my watch, my guns. They were out last night doing it again.” Police have imposed a curfew and the National Guard is helping to stop the scavenging. (Just shoot the fuckers on sight!)
In Tuscaloosa one tornado left an 80 mile path, the longest in Alabama history. That tornado has been categorized as an EF-4 with 165mph winds.
It has also been confirmed that an EF-5 tornado with 205mph winds killed 13 in Smithville, Mississippi.
The Pull fire on the Arizona border with Mexico has burned 2300 acres in the Coronado National Forest. State wide humidity is in the single digits.
A wallaby was seen looking into a window of a home in Tempe, Arizona staring at the homeowner’s pet dog. Police responded with some disbelief. Sure enough “Wesley”, two feet tall and weighing 35 pounds was retrieved by his owner who lived nearby.
Your fine staff at Blue Duck Weather ended this dismal weather month on a lighter note, a fucking kangaroo in Tempe. I can just see the cops roll their eyes when they received that report. But what is the old saying? “I have to laugh to keep from crying.”
Hopefully the quote of the month that I stole brings some solace to the grim weather events of the last month. “Man must rise above the Earth- to the top of the atmosphere and beyond- for only then will he fully understand the world in which he lives.” (How about my rooftop in a dream?)
Until next month remember, Pioneers took bullets. Settlers took land.
The Honorable, Distinguished Professor MR Blue Duck.
